THE CRUMBLING MYTH OF KOREAN INNOCENCE ABOUT RACISM
The following op-ed was originally written for translation into Korean for Newsweek Korea.
Foreigners living in Korea are prone to forget just how much of a bubble they live in. What exercises Americans, Canadians and Brits away from home may be of little or no interest to Koreans.
So it’s been with a recent skit on the hugely popular Gag Concert that many expatriates have decried as demeaning to Africans and black people generally.
In the sketch, Korean comedienne Heo An-na dons full-body black makeup, over-sized fake teeth and a leopard-print loincloth to play an African tribeswoman in a tumultuous relationship with a Korean man.
Completing the image of a savage African, Heo’s character at one point becomes so emotional that she resorts to animalistic grunting and beating her chest.
A video of the sketch soon spread among resident foreigners on SNS, sparking both anger and dismay. Many wondered out loud how the state broadcaster in such an ostensibly modern country could air such racially offensive material. Their outrage in particular focused on the use of “blackface,” referring to the use of makeup to imitate black people, which has become largely taboo in the United States in particular due to its association with the mistreatment of black Americans.
But what was the reaction in the Korean media and webosphere? Silence. This writer could not find a single article, blog post or comment thread even acknowledging that such race-based mockery might be controversial, never mind objectionable.
Whenever such examples of Koreans apparently lacking racial sensitivity arise, the common justification, made by both locals and many foreigners, is that Koreans either mean no harm or don’t know any better. Indeed, while many foreigners attacked the Gag Concert skit, lots of others equivocated that Korea does not share the same racial history as the U.S. or other Western countries, or that most Koreans don’t know racial stereotypes are offensive, having been only so recently exposed to foreigners.
The implicit suggestion is that Koreans can’t be held to the same standards as Westerners because, unlike Westerners, their intentions are most likely benign. The idea that Koreans are a particularly innocent and moral people is held with pride by some Koreans, and all too often indulged by foreigners, some of whom are likely to squirm at the thought of judging people of a different race and culture.
Recently, on a trip to Busan, I had an alcohol-fuelled conversation with a group of four 20-something Koreans that revealed this mash of myopia and a sense of moral superiority. Without exception, each insisted that there is little racism in Korea. Not only that, they said, racism is much worse in Western countries. I challenged the first claim, listing various examples of racism and xenophobia I’d witnessed personally, as well as the experiences of other foreigners documented in the media and elsewhere. To the second point, I said that trumpeting a supposed lack of racism in a country with so few foreigners was almost meaningless because a large number of racist incidents would first require a relatively large number of foreigners. It would be like a boss congratulating himself on the lack of sexism in an office with no female employees.
The special pleading and excuse-making made by, and on behalf of, Koreans might be understandable if Korea were simply a politically incorrect place that slaughtered sacred cows without prejudice.
Even if one ultimately objects to such an environment, there is at least an appealing consistency and rebellious mischievousness in declaring that humor has no limits, even when it comes to race. After all, lots of great humor has offended somebody, somewhere.
But Korea is not such a place. Korean society, media and officialdom often express outrage over perceived slights against their country and people.
And it goes beyond historical grievances and territorial disputes with Japan. In fact, the Korean media has demonstrated plenty of familiarity with the pitfalls of racial caricatures and stereotypes – that is, when it has been Koreans who have been the victims. When, in 2012, a foreign Hollister model on assignment in Korea uploaded a photo of himself making a squinty-eyed pose to appear East Asian, it generateddozens of articles in the local media and outraged comment online. Just this May, Jorge Cantu, a third baseman for the Doosan Bears from Mexico, sparked a flurry of critical media coverage when he retweeted an image joking about how East Asians supposedly all look alike. During the World Cup, meanwhile, one Seoul newspaper reported that Russian fans had mocked Koreans by pretending to have slanted eyes during the game between the two countries. Earlier this month, a social media-driven news site reported that K-pop star G-Dragon had been heckled with the insult “ching chong” by a member of the public outside a fashion event in Paris.
The examples go on and on. Simply put, pleading ignorance about racial sensitivity looks ever more dishonest and self-serving.
As an outsider, it isn’t long before you become aware of the deep sense of victim hood rooted in Korea’s national character, most often manifest in dealings with larger and more powerful countries, be it in diplomacy, business or sports. Crucially, being a victim means never having to admit fault. Perhaps this is why Africans can be mocked on national television without a whisper of protest, while jokes at the expense of Koreans cause controversy.
The choice for Korean society, then, seems clear: embrace a modest degree of racial sensitivity, or don’t and duly renounce the right to complain when Koreans become the butt of jokes themselves.
Sources: /r/korea, johnfrancispower.com (original article)
What do you guys think? I particularly like his line near the end: "The choice for Korean society, then, seems clear: embrace a modest degree of racial sensitivity, or don’t and duly renounce the right to complain when Koreans become the butt of jokes themselves."
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Date: 2014-07-17 02:41 pm (UTC)I think in Korea (and in a lot of other asian countries) a lot of racism is due to ignorance, but that doesn't make it an excuse.
I feel like not just in South Korea but in the rest of the world, humans need to work a lot harder towards respecting and understanding each others' cultures. We are a much more global community now, and so it's becoming vital that we learn about other cultures beyond our own, especially so that people are no longer allowed to claim ignorance as an excuse for hurting another race or nationality.
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Date: 2014-07-17 02:56 pm (UTC)As far as racism in Korea in general, those few netizen comments calling Jun Hyunmoo out about blackface were encouraging but it seems a lot of people still don't see why it's a big deal. Hopefully as contact with other cultures increases there will be more societal dialogue about what is and isn't acceptable and why.
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Date: 2014-07-18 08:18 am (UTC)(no subject)
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Date: 2014-07-17 03:02 pm (UTC)"Their outrage in particular focused on the use of 'blackface,' referring to the use of makeup to imitate black people, which has become largely taboo in the United States in particular due to its association with the mistreatment of black Americans."
Like girl, it ain't taboo, that shit still happens on the regular here lol.
We're seeing evidence that korean viewers ARE aware that blackface and such is upsetting people, and a lot of their comments simply echo what I hear in the states every damn day; it's not racist because it's all in good fun. I believe there is a disconnect but I'm not convinced this is a korean problem.
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Date: 2014-07-17 05:08 pm (UTC)yep, that's it. people will make excuses if it's amusing. also very recently i heard someone say "well, i'm not offended" and it made everybody around him joke about it like it was not a big deal. edit: oops i hit enter too quick. but yeah if they see or hear from one person talk about how they're not offended, then that's reason enough to stop caring. like, you don't have to be offended to find something offensive, there's a thing called having respect and feeling empathy for others.
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Date: 2014-07-17 03:05 pm (UTC)So basically the right response is YES I LOVE KOREA. YAY KIMCHI.
Which also leads me to how alot of Korean people were nice to me during my time in Korea. But then I figured out they were just nice to me because they wanted to do things that would make a foreigner like me (an American!!!!) have nice image of Korea. Get away from me self appointed ambassadors ugh.
What I mean is that they wouldn't see me as a person worth their time, I mean only after learning I'm American they'd give a damn. So I also developed strategies in how I introduced myself cuz otherwise I'd be treated like shit (I'm a brown person).
why are you brown if you're american? that question still haunts me lol
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Date: 2014-07-17 08:48 pm (UTC)BOOM.
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Date: 2014-07-17 03:13 pm (UTC)"As an outsider, it isn’t long before you become aware of the deep sense of victim hood rooted in Korea’s national character, most often manifest in dealings with larger and more powerful countries, be it in diplomacy, business or sports. Crucially, being a victim means never having to admit fault. Perhaps this is why Africans can be mocked on national television without a whisper of protest, while jokes at the expense of Koreans cause controversy."
this comment stands out the most for me.
there are so many emotions running through me going on when blackface articles come up. and i get that some people never heard of it, but when you are making fun of another ethnicity it shouldn't matter if you never heard of it, nor have a shared history to understand it. and they hit the nail on the head. when the same idea is reversed - yelling "ching chong" at an asian person, pulling one's eyes to be slanted while mocking, that news-reporter being disrespectful to asian names when that plane crashed in San Francisco- causes an uproar because now they feel the pain.
there are also so many other issues that are attached to this - the global medias portrayal of black/africans in movies, shows, and comedies, the lemming/hive thinking of groups of people who sit back silently afraid to speak up on this being racism in their countries, and the lack of "normal" representation in western media of black/africans, just straight up common sense and compassion.
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Date: 2014-07-17 03:20 pm (UTC)In the case of the black make-up issue and whatnot, the fact that they think there's nothing wrong with it shows that they're just, culturally insensitive. Not in any way I'm defending them, but the debate on whether what they did is racist or not between the worldwide community could be neverending. It's a complex issue.
Anyway, on a different note, I've been to Korea and coming from a multiracial country, I naively didn't expect to get this racist/cultural insensitivity treatment at first. For instance, there was this one time that a taxi driver signaled to stop for us, but as he approached nearer, he put off the signal and made a big U-turn instead. Didn't want to misunderstand the situation at first but after the vacation ended, I stumbled upon blog entries from a few people on the internet expressing a similar experience. Some taxi drivers do not like to take foreigners? *sigh* And, some ajusshis who passed by us would randomly tell some of my friends on hijab that it's not good to wear those under the scorching hot weather (not in a joking way even). Very sensitive right?
I'm not sharing those experiences to judge them as a racist community, in fact I did get the same amount of super nice treatment from some of them, but I guess those are just examples on how racism do exist in that country. Well, I think racism exists everywhere in this world so there is no way a community could simply claim that they aren't racist.
Instead of labeling a community as racists, let's just say that unfortunately there a few bunch in this whole world are just sadly like that.
1/2 holy shit this comment was too long for LJ's comment limit
Date: 2014-07-17 03:27 pm (UTC)idk, in my experience foreigners are always assuming that Koreans don't talk about issues like sexism, racism, LGBTQ+ issues etc. that is even reflected in this title, "the myth of Korean innocence about racism" (???). but tbh the fact that those discussions don't take place in such a way that makes them immediately obvious to foreigners and those living overseas doesn't mean that they don't happen. a great number of my closest friends in Korea are vocal activists in their communities, working to fight racism and sexism, and it's not like they're isolated. there are networks of Korean people in Korea who work to combat issues just like there are networks of people doing the same in their own countries.
this isn't necessarily specific to this article, but just a general gripe, I guess. that being that so often Westerners (and Americans in particular) seem to talk about racism in Korea with this weirdly condescending? attitude. like "wow, Korea is so backwards and uncultured, what's up with that, they need to get with the times." but like, until 1954 in America, Black people and white people couldn't use the same drinking fountains. until 1965, only 105 Chinese persons were legally allowed to emigrate to America every year. Korea didn't become a modernized country until 1910 when they were occupied by Japan, and didn't become an independent modernized country until 1953. before that, they were perfectly content to be the hermit nation throughout the entire 19th century.
(I mention American history pretty exclusively because that's where I'm from, so that's the history I know best.)
I would also argue that until the beginning of Hallyu in the 90s, there was really no reason for Korea as a whole to care about portrayals of people of color in the media; as the author states, there really is not a huge foreign presence in Korea. there are literally so few foreigners living here that the entire foreigner presence makes up less than 1% of the population demographic. so in a sense, the entirety of the Korean public's awareness of race issues has come within the last two or three decades as the spread of Hallyu comes head to head with a lot of cultures who have had way more time to get their shit together.
the author touches briefly on this toward the beginning of the article, but I generally disagree with the idea that discussing Korea's social and political history in relation to Korean culture's take on race issues automatically means an unwillingness to hold Koreans to the same standard to which one would hold Westerners. I hold Korean media to the same standard to which I would hold Western media; the only difference is that I understand why Korean media more consistently fails to meet that standard.
2/2 I AM SORRY
Date: 2014-07-17 03:27 pm (UTC)and honestly I don't think that the author is wrong about this, like a lot of what he said in this article is super on point for me. the line toward the end about the victimhood rooted in Korea's national character, for example, and how they're not always willing to admit fault rings hella true, as do all the examples of Korean media taking up arms at slights against Korea while staying conspicuously silent at slights against other nationalities or ethnicities. there are just some aspects of his approach that I disagree with.
wow I wrote a fucking novel. the whole Point of this is that the conversations ARE happening and attitudes toward race in Korea ARE changing, especially among young people, largely thanks to the spread of Hallyu and Korean entertainment to international communities. so definitely not all hope is lost, and I think that there will be a shift in the way that people of color are portrayed in Korean media, although it may take some time as the feedback process continues.
LORD I DUNNO I JUST HAVE A LOT OF THOUGHTS SORRY OP
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Date: 2014-07-17 03:58 pm (UTC)It's a start, yeah.
Comments are good, meta.
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Date: 2014-07-17 05:16 pm (UTC)I've wondered if it would take like a prominent black celeb to say something before they do anything about it. But I don't have much faith in black celebs to say anything. -sigh-
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Date: 2014-07-18 02:21 am (UTC)There was a time artists would praise Michael Jackson, Beyonce, or some other black singer they emulate but it slowly became awful people like Katy Perry, lady gaga etc (like I remember an interview cl have and she listed a bunch of bland white artists despite that she literally wants to be Rihanna lol)
I've def touched on this before bc kpop prior to this drive to become "global" sounded way more like rnb when now it's forgettable generic top 40
Like, I can't even listen to most new songs bc of this quest to become global
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Date: 2014-07-18 12:26 am (UTC)By doing this and dismissing it, the Africans and all dark skinned people are now given the permission to make fun of you and we will laugh our @$$es off while doing it.
By the way, I'm Asian, dark skinned (Hawaii does that to you.) And very American. I don't care if you called me a beaner and made fun of my accent and my kinky hair. Just as long as I can do it to you, too. So let me eat my tuna poki and tacos. I won't say a word about the slop you said was food.
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Date: 2014-07-18 02:09 am (UTC)You can search comments here where I dropped the knowledge that us entertainment was pumped into Korea post split and around then is when they picked up black face as entertainment and have not let it go since.
What infuriates me is that Koreans (hell, most non black poc) will complain about how they're treated in western media but absolute silence when this is brought up.
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Date: 2014-07-19 07:46 pm (UTC)I think that outsiders should stay outsiders and stop acting like they're experts on a culture they are not part of. wait, let me correct myself, a culture they are privileged in from the get go.
especially expats whose existence in korea derives only from the us military's presence in korea.
it is ok to call out racism but this goes way beyond that
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Date: 2014-07-19 11:56 pm (UTC)I do think a lot of know-it-alls love to run up to a situation like this and shove their brand of activism down others' throats. That isn't cool. Most every country in the world is grappling with social issues, so it's a good idea to calm down and approach topics like racism with humility and a willingness to look through another's point of view. The latter is especially tiring for some because they feel there is nothing positive to be gained from the effort.
But what if the "outsiders" don't want to be outsiders? What if they are recent immigrants or expats who aim to make their contribution to society, albeit in a foreign country? What if they find their ability to thrive in society limited by certain prejudices or discrimination? Are they allowed to speak up then?
I know you're making a dig at English teachers in Korea. Most of them have secured a pretty easy lifestyle there and it can be annoying to hear them complain about their problems. My friend, who used to teach English in Korea, calls it a "white man's playground." White people encounter some discrimination there, but they generally have it pretty good. But what about non-whites?
As for U.S. military presence in Korea, why should every U.S. visitor to Korea inherit that baggage? How much control does the average U.S. expat have over U.S. foreign policy? What if they disagree with their home country's foreign policy?
What about non-U.S. expats? Are they allowed to comment on racist behavior?
A lot of questions like that surface when you tell outsiders they cant complain, because one first has to define what an outsider is. Thing is, there are a significant population of non-white Americans and non-white non-Americans working in Korea who experience discrimination on a daily basis. That's not cool either.
So, I guess the idea is to either let everyone voice an opinion, relegate certain people to "outsider"-ness based on unspecified qualifications and silence them, or silence everyone.
My personal opinion? I think a lot of people on Omona (and other forums) are really pigheaded in the way they discuss social issues in Korea, especially seeing as a lot of us haven't even been to the country ourselves and much less keep up with news. I've been getting some complaints in my inbox saying things to the extent of, "Why don't we have more articles that discuss social issues?" Read the news, for Christ's sake! Read a book! This kind of information ought to be sought out through one's own motivation if one is truly interested.
Tl;dr: I get where you're coming from, but I think keeping some outsiders out of discussion isn't helpful.
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Date: 2014-07-21 12:29 am (UTC)